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course	ECE-2207: Electrical Machines-I
institution	Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET)
department	Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE)
instructor	Fariya Tabassum (FT Mam), Assistant Professor
student_author	Raidah (Roll: 2310035)
digitized_date	30.09.2026
total_classes	18
total_scan_images	32
total_notebook_pages	61
total_extracted_diagrams	35

ECE-2207: Electrical Machines-I — Master Lecture Notes

Instructor: Fariya Tabassum (FT Mam), Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE, RUET
Class Notes Author: Raidah (Roll: 2310035)
Semester: 2-2 Semester Final Preparation
Source Documents: Machine Classnote - 2310035.pdf (32 scans / 61 notebook pages)
Slide Repository: ../SlidesByMaam/

1. Syllabus & Section Architecture

The ECE-2207 curriculum is divided into two distinct examination sections:

ECE-2207: Electrical Machines-I
├── SECTION B: Induction Motors (Classes 01 – 12)
│    ├── Module 1: Fundamentals & Rotating Magnetic Field (Classes 01 – 05)
│    ├── Module 2: Performance, Torque Equations & Testing (Classes 06 – 09)
│    └── Module 3: Power Stages, Starting, Speed Control & Braking (Classes 10 – 12)
└── SECTION A: Transformers (Classes 13 – 18)
     ├── Module 4: 1-Phase Transformers, Leakage Reactance & Regulation (Classes 13 – 15)
     └── Module 5: 3-Phase Transformers, Harmonics, V-V / Scott & Vector Groups (Classes 16 – 18)

2. Master Lecture Table of Contents

Class #	Date	Scan Pages	Primary Topics	Lecture File Link
Class 01	`23.06.2026`	P01 – P03	Course outline; Motor working criteria; Faraday's law; Magnetic vs Electric fields; Generator vs Motor concept	Class 01: Introduction & Working Principles
Class 02	Undated	P04 – P05	Electromagnetic fields; Induced voltage $E \propto B l v sin θ$ ; Generator vs Alternator; Fleming's Left & Right hand rules; Transients	Class 02: Electromagnetic Fields & Hand Rules
Class 03	`30.06.2026`	P06 – P08 (top)	Stator & Rotor; Induction Motor as a "Rotating Transformer"; Advantages & Disadvantages; Single-phase fan capacitor split; Core losses	Class 03: IM Basics & Rotating Transformer
Class 04	`01.07.2026`	P08 (bot) – P10 (left)	RMF Revolving field theory; Two-phase mathematical proof ( $Φ_{r} = Φ_{m}$ ); Three-phase proof ( $Φ_{r} = 1.5 Φ_{m}$ at synchronous speed)	Class 04: Production of RMF Mathematical Proof
Class 05	`07.07.2026`	P10 (right) – P12	RMF conditions; Generator-Motor action sequence; Back EMF ( $E_{b}$ ) and starter need; Slip definition; Equivalent circuit & Phasor diagram	Class 05: RMF Conditions, Slip & IM Phasor
Class 06	Undated	P13 – P14 (left)	Rotor frequency $f_{r} = s f$ ; Speed math; Leakage flux & leakage reactance origin; Winding placement (HV outer, LV inner); Machine operating modes	Class 06: Slip, Rotor Frequency & Reactance
Class 07	`14.07.2026`	P14 (right) – P15 (left)	Rotor torque proportionality ( $T \propto E_{2} I_{2} cos ϕ_{2}$ ); Derivation of starting torque $T_{s t}$ ; Condition for max starting torque ( $R_{2} = X_{2}$ )	Class 07: Rotor Torque Equation Derivation
Class 08	`20.07.2026`	P15 (right) – P17 (left)	Running torque $T_{r}$ ; Max running torque condition ( $R_{2} = s X_{2}$ ); Independence of $T_{ma x}$ on $R_{2}$ ; Torque-slip & Torque-speed curves	Class 08: Maximum Torque & Torque-Slip Curve
Class 09	`21.07.2026`	P17 (right) – P19 (left)	Induction Motor Testing: No-Load (Open-circuit) test; Blocked-rotor (Short-circuit) test; DC resistance test (Wye vs Delta conversion)	Class 09: Induction Motor Testing
Class 10	`05.08.2026`	P19 (right) – P20	Fixed vs variable losses; The 3 power flow stages ( $P_{1} \to P_{2} \to P_{m} \to P_{s h}$ ); Proof of $P_{2} : P_{m} : P_{r c} = 1 : (1 - s) : s$ ; Synchronous Watt	Class 10: Power Stages & Efficiency
Class 11	`09.08.2026`	P21	Inrush starting current hazards; Torque-current ratio proof: $\frac{T _{s t}}{T _{f}} = (\frac{I _{s t}}{I _{f}})^{2} s_{f}$ ; Starting methods (DOL, Star-Delta, Auto-transf, Rotor resistance)	Class 11: Induction Motor Starting Methods
Class 12	`16.08.2026`	P22 – P23	Speed control methods; Electric braking (Plugging, DC dynamic, Capacitor braking); Induction Generator ( $N_{r} > N_{s}$ ); 3-quadrant torque-speed curve	Class 12: Speed Control & Electric Braking
Class 13	`23.08.2026`	P24 – P25	Transformer definition; Why DC cannot be applied (Core saturation); No-load current components ( $I_{w}, I_{μ}$ ); Leakage reactance origin; IM comparison	Class 13: Transformer Principles & Construction
Class 14	`06.09.2026`	P26	Transformation ratio $K$ ; Parameter shifting principles ( $R_{2}^{'} = R_{2} / K^{2}$ ); Total equivalent impedance ( $Z_{01}, Z_{02}$ ); Practical loaded phasor diagram	Class 14: Equivalent Circuit & Parameter Shifting
Class 15	Undated	P27 (left)	Percentage Voltage Regulation (%VR); Comprehensive comparison matrix between Induction Motor and Transformer tests; Lab exam tips	Class 15: Voltage Regulation & IM Comparison
Class 16	`12.09.2026`	P27 (right) – P29 (left)	3-phase transformers (Single unit vs 3-unit bank); Phase relations in Star & Delta; Unbalanced load reaction; Third harmonics & humming mitigation	Class 16: 3-Phase Transformers & Harmonics
Class 17	`16.09.2026`	P29 (right) – P31	$3 0^{\circ}$ phase shift in Y- $Δ$ ; Open-Delta (V-V) connection & $57.7%$ capacity proof; Scott-T connection & derivation of the $86.6%$ teaser tap	Class 17: Two-Transformer Connections (V-V & Scott-T)
Class 18	`20.09.2026`	P32	Three-phase proofs review; Lab final and quiz guidelines; Transformer Vector Groups (Clock convention, Dyn1, Dyn11, Yyn6); Parallel criteria	Class 18: Vector Groups & Review

3. Core Mathematical Cheatsheet

A. Induction Motor Essentials

Synchronous Speed: $N_{s} = \frac{120 f _{s}}{P}$
Rotor Speed & Slip: $s = \frac{N _{s} - N _{r}}{N _{s}}, N_{r} = N_{s} (1 - s), f_{r} = s \cdot f_{s}$
Torque Equation: $T_{r} = \frac{3}{2 π N _{s}} \cdot \frac{s \cdot E _{2}^{2} \cdot R _{2}}{R _{2}^{2} + ( s X _{2} ) ^{2}}$
Condition for Maximum Starting Torque: $R_{2} = X_{2}$
Condition for Maximum Running Torque & Slip: $s_{ma x} = \frac{R _{2}}{X _{2}} ⟹ T_{ma x} = \frac{3}{2 π N _{s}} \cdot \frac{E _{2}^{2}}{2 X _{2}} (independent of R_{2}, proportional to V^{2})$
Power Division Proportion: $P_{2} : P_{m} : P_{r c} = 1 : (1 - s) : s$
Starting to Full-Load Torque Ratio: $\frac{T _{s t}}{T _{f}} = (\frac{I _{s t}}{I _{f}})^{2} \cdot s_{f}$

B. Transformer Essentials

Transformation Ratio ( $K$ ): $K = \frac{N _{2}}{N _{1}} = \frac{E _{2}}{E _{1}} = \frac{I _{1}}{I _{2}}$
Parameter Shifting: $R_{2}^{'} = \frac{R _{2}}{K ^{2}}, X_{2}^{'} = \frac{X _{2}}{K ^{2}}, R_{1}^{'} = K^{2} R_{1}, X_{1}^{'} = K^{2} X_{1}$
Voltage Regulation: $% V R = \frac{V _{s, n l} - V _{s, f l}}{V _{s, f l}} \times 100%$
Open-Delta ( $V - V$ ) Capacity: $\frac{Rating _{V - V}}{Rating _{Δ - Δ}} = \frac{1}{3} \approx 57.7% (utilizing 86.6% of the remaining two units)$
Scott-T Teaser Transformer Turns: $V_{t e a ser} = \frac{3}{2} V_{L} = 0.866 \cdot V_{L} ⟹ Turns = 86.6% of Main Transformer$

4. Cross-Reference with Lecture Slides

The digitized handwritten notes align with the corresponding typed lecture slide modules in ../SlidesByMaam/:

Slide Deck	Slide File	Aligned Class Notes	Primary Shared Focus
Lecture 01	`L-01_ECE-2207.md`	Class 01	Course roadmap, magnetic principles, Faraday's law
Lecture 02	`L-02_ECE-2207.md`	Class 02	Electromagnetic fields, generation basics, hand rules
Lecture 03	`L-03_ECE-2107.md`	Class 03, 04	Induction motor construction, stator/rotor, RMF proofs
Lecture 04	`L-04_ECE-2107.md`	Class 05, 06	Slip, rotor frequency, equivalent circuit, phasor
Lecture 05	`L-05_ECE-2107.md`	Class 07, 08	Rotor torque equations, $T_{ma x}$ , torque-slip characteristics
Lecture 06	`L-06_ECE-2107.md`	Class 09	Motor testing: No-load, blocked rotor & DC resistance
Lecture 07	`L-07_ECE-2107.md`	Class 10, 11	Power flow stages, efficiency, inrush current & starting
Lecture 08	`L-08_ECE-2207.md`	Class 12	Speed control, electric braking (plugging), induction generator
Lecture 09	`L-09_ECE-2107.md`	Class 13, 14	Transformer principles, leakage reactance, parameter shifting
Lecture 10	`L-10_ECE-2107.md`	Class 15, 16	Voltage regulation, 3-phase transformers, 3rd harmonics
Lecture 11	`L-11_ECE-2107.md`	Class 17, 18	V-V open delta, Scott-T connection, Vector groups

course

ECE-2207: Electrical Machines-I

institution

Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET)

department

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE)

instructor

Fariya Tabassum (FT Mam), Assistant Professor

student_author

Raidah (Roll: 2310035)

digitized_date

30.09.2026

total_classes

total_scan_images

total_notebook_pages

total_extracted_diagrams

1. Syllabus & Section Architecture

The ECE-2207 curriculum is divided into two distinct examination sections:

ECE-2207: Electrical Machines-I ├── SECTION B: Induction Motors (Classes 01 – 12) │ ├── Module 1: Fundamentals & Rotating Magnetic Field (Classes 01 – 05) │ ├── Module 2: Performance, Torque Equations & Testing (Classes 06 – 09) │ └── Module 3: Power Stages, Starting, Speed Control & Braking (Classes 10 – 12) └── SECTION A: Transformers (Classes 13 – 18) ├── Module 4: 1-Phase Transformers, Leakage Reactance & Regulation (Classes 13 – 15) └── Module 5: 3-Phase Transformers, Harmonics, V-V / Scott & Vector Groups (Classes 16 – 18)

2. Master Lecture Table of Contents

Class #

Date

Scan Pages

Primary Topics

Lecture File Link

Class 01

23.06.2026

P01 – P03

Course outline; Motor working criteria; Faraday's law; Magnetic vs Electric fields; Generator vs Motor concept

Class 01: Introduction & Working Principles

Class 02

Undated

P04 – P05

Electromagnetic fields; Induced voltage

E \propto B l v sin θ

; Generator vs Alternator; Fleming's Left & Right hand rules; Transients

Class 02: Electromagnetic Fields & Hand Rules

Class 03

30.06.2026

P06 – P08 (top)

Stator & Rotor; Induction Motor as a "Rotating Transformer"; Advantages & Disadvantages; Single-phase fan capacitor split; Core losses

Class 03: IM Basics & Rotating Transformer

Class 04

01.07.2026

P08 (bot) – P10 (left)

RMF Revolving field theory; Two-phase mathematical proof (

Φ_{r} = Φ_{m}

); Three-phase proof (

Φ_{r} = 1.5 Φ_{m}

at synchronous speed)

Class 04: Production of RMF Mathematical Proof

Class 05

07.07.2026

P10 (right) – P12

RMF conditions; Generator-Motor action sequence; Back EMF (

E_{b}

) and starter need; Slip definition; Equivalent circuit & Phasor diagram

Class 05: RMF Conditions, Slip & IM Phasor

Class 06

Undated

P13 – P14 (left)

Rotor frequency

f_{r} = s f

; Speed math; Leakage flux & leakage reactance origin; Winding placement (HV outer, LV inner); Machine operating modes

Class 06: Slip, Rotor Frequency & Reactance

Class 07

14.07.2026

P14 (right) – P15 (left)

Rotor torque proportionality (

T \propto E_{2} I_{2} cos ϕ_{2}

); Derivation of starting torque

T_{s t}

; Condition for max starting torque (

R_{2} = X_{2}

)

Class 07: Rotor Torque Equation Derivation

Class 08

20.07.2026

P15 (right) – P17 (left)

Running torque

T_{r}

; Max running torque condition (

R_{2} = s X_{2}

); Independence of

T_{ma x}

R_{2}

; Torque-slip & Torque-speed curves

Class 08: Maximum Torque & Torque-Slip Curve

Class 09

21.07.2026

P17 (right) – P19 (left)

Induction Motor Testing: No-Load (Open-circuit) test; Blocked-rotor (Short-circuit) test; DC resistance test (Wye vs Delta conversion)

Class 09: Induction Motor Testing

Class 10

05.08.2026

P19 (right) – P20

Fixed vs variable losses; The 3 power flow stages (

P_{1} \to P_{2} \to P_{m} \to P_{s h}

); Proof of

P_{2} : P_{m} : P_{r c} = 1 : (1 - s) : s

; Synchronous Watt

Class 10: Power Stages & Efficiency

Class 11

09.08.2026

P21

Inrush starting current hazards; Torque-current ratio proof:

\frac{T _{s t}}{T _{f}} = (\frac{I _{s t}}{I _{f}})^{2} s_{f}

; Starting methods (DOL, Star-Delta, Auto-transf, Rotor resistance)

Class 11: Induction Motor Starting Methods

Class 12

16.08.2026

P22 – P23

Speed control methods; Electric braking (Plugging, DC dynamic, Capacitor braking); Induction Generator (

N_{r} > N_{s}

); 3-quadrant torque-speed curve

Class 12: Speed Control & Electric Braking

Class 13

23.08.2026

P24 – P25

Transformer definition; Why DC cannot be applied (Core saturation); No-load current components (

I_{w}, I_{μ}

); Leakage reactance origin; IM comparison

Class 13: Transformer Principles & Construction

Class 14

06.09.2026

P26

Transformation ratio

K

; Parameter shifting principles (

R_{2}^{'} = R_{2} / K^{2}

); Total equivalent impedance (

Z_{01}, Z_{02}

); Practical loaded phasor diagram

Class 14: Equivalent Circuit & Parameter Shifting

Class 15

Undated

P27 (left)

Percentage Voltage Regulation (%VR); Comprehensive comparison matrix between Induction Motor and Transformer tests; Lab exam tips

Class 15: Voltage Regulation & IM Comparison

Class 16

12.09.2026

P27 (right) – P29 (left)

3-phase transformers (Single unit vs 3-unit bank); Phase relations in Star & Delta; Unbalanced load reaction; Third harmonics & humming mitigation

Class 16: 3-Phase Transformers & Harmonics

Class 17

16.09.2026

P29 (right) – P31

3 0^{\circ}

phase shift in Y-

Δ

; Open-Delta (V-V) connection &

57.7%

capacity proof; Scott-T connection & derivation of the

86.6%

teaser tap

Class 17: Two-Transformer Connections (V-V & Scott-T)

Class 18

20.09.2026

P32

Three-phase proofs review; Lab final and quiz guidelines; Transformer Vector Groups (Clock convention, Dyn1, Dyn11, Yyn6); Parallel criteria

Class 18: Vector Groups & Review

3. Core Mathematical Cheatsheet

A. Induction Motor Essentials

Synchronous Speed:

N_{s} = \frac{120 f _{s}}{P}

Rotor Speed & Slip:

s = \frac{N _{s} - N _{r}}{N _{s}}, N_{r} = N_{s} (1 - s), f_{r} = s \cdot f_{s}

Torque Equation:

T_{r} = \frac{3}{2 π N _{s}} \cdot \frac{s \cdot E _{2}^{2} \cdot R _{2}}{R _{2}^{2} + ( s X _{2} ) ^{2}}

Condition for Maximum Starting Torque:

R_{2} = X_{2}

Condition for Maximum Running Torque & Slip:

s_{ma x} = \frac{R _{2}}{X _{2}} ⟹ T_{ma x} = \frac{3}{2 π N _{s}} \cdot \frac{E _{2}^{2}}{2 X _{2}} (independent of R_{2}, proportional to V^{2})

Power Division Proportion:

P_{2} : P_{m} : P_{r c} = 1 : (1 - s) : s

Starting to Full-Load Torque Ratio:

\frac{T _{s t}}{T _{f}} = (\frac{I _{s t}}{I _{f}})^{2} \cdot s_{f}

B. Transformer Essentials

Transformation Ratio ( $K$ ):

K = \frac{N _{2}}{N _{1}} = \frac{E _{2}}{E _{1}} = \frac{I _{1}}{I _{2}}

Parameter Shifting:

R_{2}^{'} = \frac{R _{2}}{K ^{2}}, X_{2}^{'} = \frac{X _{2}}{K ^{2}}, R_{1}^{'} = K^{2} R_{1}, X_{1}^{'} = K^{2} X_{1}

Voltage Regulation:

% V R = \frac{V _{s, n l} - V _{s, f l}}{V _{s, f l}} \times 100%

Open-Delta ( $V - V$ ) Capacity:

\frac{Rating _{V - V}}{Rating _{Δ - Δ}} = \frac{1}{3} \approx 57.7% (utilizing 86.6% of the remaining two units)

Scott-T Teaser Transformer Turns:

V_{t e a ser} = \frac{3}{2} V_{L} = 0.866 \cdot V_{L} ⟹ Turns = 86.6% of Main Transformer

4. Cross-Reference with Lecture Slides

The digitized handwritten notes align with the corresponding typed lecture slide modules in ../SlidesByMaam/:

Slide Deck

Slide File

Aligned Class Notes

Primary Shared Focus

Lecture 01

L-01_ECE-2207.md

Class 01

Course roadmap, magnetic principles, Faraday's law

Lecture 02

L-02_ECE-2207.md

Class 02

Electromagnetic fields, generation basics, hand rules

Lecture 03

L-03_ECE-2107.md

Class 03, 04

Induction motor construction, stator/rotor, RMF proofs

Lecture 04

L-04_ECE-2107.md

Class 05, 06

Slip, rotor frequency, equivalent circuit, phasor

Lecture 05

L-05_ECE-2107.md

Class 07, 08

Rotor torque equations,

T_{ma x}

, torque-slip characteristics

Lecture 06

L-06_ECE-2107.md

Class 09

Motor testing: No-load, blocked rotor & DC resistance

Lecture 07

L-07_ECE-2107.md

Class 10, 11

Power flow stages, efficiency, inrush current & starting

Lecture 08

L-08_ECE-2207.md

Class 12

Speed control, electric braking (plugging), induction generator

Lecture 09

L-09_ECE-2107.md

Class 13, 14

Transformer principles, leakage reactance, parameter shifting

Lecture 10

L-10_ECE-2107.md

Class 15, 16

Voltage regulation, 3-phase transformers, 3rd harmonics

Lecture 11

L-11_ECE-2107.md

Class 17, 18

V-V open delta, Scott-T connection, Vector groups

azazarfin60/Electrical_Machine_I_Semester_Final

ClassNoteByRaidah/00_Index_and_Topic_Map.md

ECE-2207: Electrical Machines-I — Master Lecture Notes

1. Syllabus & Section Architecture

2. Master Lecture Table of Contents

3. Core Mathematical Cheatsheet

A. Induction Motor Essentials

B. Transformer Essentials

4. Cross-Reference with Lecture Slides

Report a problem

azazarfin60/Electrical_Machine_I_Semester_Final

ClassNoteByRaidah/00_Index_and_Topic_Map.md

ECE-2207: Electrical Machines-I — Master Lecture Notes

1. Syllabus & Section Architecture

2. Master Lecture Table of Contents

3. Core Mathematical Cheatsheet

A. Induction Motor Essentials

B. Transformer Essentials

4. Cross-Reference with Lecture Slides

Report a problem