Topic_Subtopic_Master_List.md

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ECE 2207 — Master Topic & Subtopic List

Purpose: Single reference for writing boss notes and sorting exam questions. Sources cross-referenced:

Syllabus.md

SlidesByMaam/map.md (L-01 to L-11)

ECE_2207_Question_Analysis.md (7 years: 2017–2024)

How to Read This Document

Section = Exam section (A or B)
Chapter = Syllabus chapter
Topic = Major topic heading (use for boss note file names / question folders)
Subtopic = Leaf-level item (use for individual note sections / question tags)
Priority = Exam frequency from 7-year analysis:
- 🔴 MUST — Appeared 5+ times or every year
- 🟠 HIGH — Appeared 3–4 times
- 🟡 MEDIUM — Appeared 2 times
- 🟢 LOW — Appeared 0–1 times
Slides = Faculty lecture reference
Books = Textbook chapter/section reference
Topics are listed in learning order (prerequisites first), not alphabetical order.

SECTION A — Transformer (Q1–Q4)

Chapter 1: Transformer

1.1 Transformer Fundamentals & Principle of Action

Slides: L-08 | Books: Theraja Ch-32, Chapman Ch-2

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
1.1.1	What is a transformer — definition, static machine, mutual induction	🟢 LOW	L-08 S04	Basic definition, rarely asked standalone
1.1.2	Transformer action with DC (transient) — why transformers don't work on DC	🟢 LOW	L-08 S09–S12	Conceptual, asked in '19
1.1.3	Transformer action with AC — sinusoidal flux, Faraday's law	🟠 HIGH	L-08 S13	Foundation for EMF equation
1.1.4	EMF equation derivation — $E = 4.44 f N Φ_{m}$	🟠 HIGH	L-08 S14	Asked in '19, '21, '23, '24 (4/7)
1.1.5	Transformation ratio $K = N_{2} / N_{1} = E_{2} / E_{1}$	🟢 LOW	L-08 S14	Always embedded in other questions
1.1.6	Ideal transformer properties	🟡 MEDIUM	—	Asked in '21, '24
1.1.7	Transformer classification (step-up, step-down, power, distribution, instrument)	🟢 LOW	L-08 S05–S06	Asked once ('18)
1.1.8	Transformer efficiency — why 95–99% (no moving parts)	🟢 LOW	L-08 S08	Conceptual filler

1.2 Transformer Construction

Slides: L-09 S03 | Books: Theraja Ch-32

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
1.2.1	Core type vs shell type construction	🟢 LOW	L-09 S03	Asked once ('19, shell-type economy)
1.2.2	Laminated silicon steel core — purpose (reduce eddy currents)	🟢 LOW	L-09 S03	Asked once ('20)
1.2.3	Transformer breathing	🟢 LOW	—	Asked once ('19)

1.3 No-Load Operation & Phasor Diagrams

Slides: L-09 S04–S13 | Books: Theraja Ch-32 (Art. 32.6–32.15)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
1.3.1	No-load current $I_{0}$ — magnetizing component $I_{μ}$ and core-loss component $I_{w}$	🟠 HIGH	L-09 S05–S06	Asked in '19, '20, '24 (3/7)
1.3.2	No-load phasor diagram construction	🟠 HIGH	L-09 S07–S08	Part of phasor diagram questions
1.3.3	No-load power = iron loss: $W_{0} = V_{1} I_{0} cos φ_{0}$	🟠 HIGH	L-09 S08	Tested via OC test numericals
1.3.4	Magnetizing current — why non-sinusoidal (peaked flux → flat-topped current)	🟢 LOW	—	Asked once ('24)
1.3.5	Phasor diagram under load — unity, lagging, leading power factor	🟠 HIGH	L-09 S10–S12	Asked in '17, '18, '21, '24 (4/7)
1.3.6	Primary current decomposition: $I_{1} = I_{0} + I_{2}^{'}$	🟠 HIGH	L-09 S10	Always part of loaded phasor

1.4 Equivalent Circuit

Slides: L-10 S03–S13 | Books: Theraja Ch-32 (Art. 32.16–32.20)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
1.4.1	Leakage flux & leakage reactance concept ( $X_{1}$ , $X_{2}$ )	🟡 MEDIUM	L-10 S03–S05	Conceptual prerequisite
1.4.2	Winding impedances: $Z_{1} = R_{1} + j X_{1}$ , $Z_{2} = R_{2} + j X_{2}$	🟠 HIGH	L-10 S06	Part of eq. circuit derivation
1.4.3	Referring impedances — $R_{01}, X_{01}$ (to primary), $R_{02}, X_{02}$ (to secondary)	🟠 HIGH	L-10 S09–S10	Core of eq. circuit, asked 4/7
1.4.4	Exact equivalent circuit — complete diagram with $R_{0}$ , $X_{0}$ shunt branch	🟠 HIGH	L-10 S12	Asked in '17, '18, '20, '24
1.4.5	Approximate equivalent circuit — shunt branch moved to input	🟠 HIGH	L-10 S13	Simplified version for calculations

1.5 Voltage Regulation

Slides: L-10 S16 | Books: Theraja Ch-32 (Art. 32.22)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
1.5.1	Voltage regulation definition — $V R = \frac{V _{2, n l} - V _{2, f l}}{V _{2, f l}} \times 100%$	🔴 MUST	L-10 S16	Asked in '18, '19, '21, '23, '24 (5/7)
1.5.2	Approximate VR formula — $V R \approx \frac{I _{2} ( R _{02} c o s φ \pm X _{02} s i n φ )}{V _{2, f l}}$	🔴 MUST	L-10 S16	+ for lag, − for lead
1.5.3	VR at lagging, leading, unity pf — derive and compare	🔴 MUST	L-10 S16	Lagging → positive VR, leading → can be negative

1.6 Transformer Testing — OC & SC Tests

Slides: L-10 S17–S18 | Books: Theraja Ch-32 (Art. 32.23–32.28)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
1.6.1	Open-circuit (OC) test — procedure, LV side, find $R_{0}$ , $X_{0}$ , iron loss	🔴 MUST	L-10 S17	ALL 7 papers 🔥
1.6.2	Short-circuit (SC) test — procedure, HV side, find $R_{01}$ , $X_{01}$ , Cu loss	🔴 MUST	L-10 S18	ALL 7 papers 🔥
1.6.3	Why OC test on LV side, SC test on HV side	🟢 LOW	L-10 S17–S18	Asked in '24 — new pattern
1.6.4	OC/SC data → equivalent circuit parameters (numerical)	🔴 MUST	L-10 S19	The single most certain question
1.6.5	Hysteresis & eddy current losses	🟢 LOW	—	Asked once ('17)
1.6.6	Inrush current when first connected	🟢 LOW	—	Asked once ('17)

1.7 Transformer Efficiency

Slides: L-08 S08, L-10 S19 | Books: Theraja Ch-32 (Art. 32.29–32.34)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
1.7.1	Efficiency formula — $η = \frac{x \cdot S \cdot c o s φ}{x \cdot S \cdot c o s φ + P _{i} + x ^{2} P _{c u}}$	🟠 HIGH	L-10 S19	Asked in '17, '18, '19, '23 (4/7)
1.7.2	Efficiency at half load, full load, various pf (numerical)	🟠 HIGH	L-10 S19	Standard numerical pattern
1.7.3	Condition for maximum efficiency — Cu loss = Fe loss, derive	🟡 MEDIUM	—	Asked in '19, '23
1.7.4	All-day efficiency — energy efficiency with load schedule	🟡 MEDIUM	—	Asked in '18, '19, '23 (3/7)

1.8 Three-Phase Transformer Connections

Slides: L-11 S03–S14 | Books: Theraja Ch-33

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
1.8.1	Why 3-φ transformers — bank of three 1-φ vs single 3-φ unit	🟢 LOW	L-11 S03–S05	Conceptual intro
1.8.2	Y-Y connection — voltage/current relations	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S07	Asked in '19, '24
1.8.3	Y-Y limitations — floating neutral, 3rd harmonic distortion, solutions	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S08–S09	Asked in '21, '23
1.8.4	Y-Δ connection — relations, step-down use	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S11–S12	Part of 3-φ connection questions
1.8.5	Δ-Y connection — relations, step-up use, 30° phase shift	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S13	Part of 3-φ connection questions
1.8.6	Δ-Δ connection — no phase shift, handles unbalance	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S14	Gateway to Open-Δ
1.8.7	Open-Δ (V-V) connection — continuity of supply when one unit fails	🔴 MUST	L-11 S16	Asked 6/7 papers 🔥
1.8.8	Open-Δ capacity = 57.7% of closed-Δ — proof	🔴 MUST	L-11 S17–S18	The second most repeated question
1.8.9	Open-Δ utilization factor = 86.6%	🔴 MUST	L-11 S18	Always paired with 57.7% proof
1.8.10	Parallel operation conditions for 3-φ transformers	🟡 MEDIUM	—	Asked in '17, '21, '23 (3/7)

1.9 Phase Conversion — Scott (T-T) Connection

Slides: L-11 S21–S24 | Books: Theraja Ch-33

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
1.9.1	Scott connection — 3-φ to 2-φ conversion principle	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S21	Asked in '18, '19, '24 (3/7)
1.9.2	Main transformer (50% center tap) + Teaser transformer (86.6% tap)	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S22	Hardware topology
1.9.3	Scott-T phasor proof — teaser voltage at 90° to main	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S23	Mathematical proof
1.9.4	Scott connection numerical — coil ratings, KVA calculation	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S23	Repeated numerical ('18, '24)
1.9.5	Three-phase T-connection (3-φ to 3-φ)	🟢 LOW	L-11 S24	Rarely asked

1.10 Vector Groups

Slides: L-11 S25–S29 | Books: Theraja Ch-33

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
1.10.1	Vector group definition — phase displacement between HV & LV	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S25	Asked in '19, '21
1.10.2	Clock representation — each hour = 30°	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S26
1.10.3	Nomenclature — D/Y/d/y/z/n, four standard groups	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S27
1.10.4	Dyn11 example — connection, clock diagram	🟡 MEDIUM	L-11 S28–S29	In syllabus, under-tested

1.11 Auto-Transformer

Slides: — | Books: Theraja Ch-32 (Art. 32.38)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
1.11.1	Auto-transformer principle — single winding, conduction + induction	🟡 MEDIUM	—	Asked in '20, '23
1.11.2	Copper saving proof — saving = $(1 - K)$ fraction	🟡 MEDIUM	—	Derivation asked in '20, '23

SECTION B — Induction Motors (Q5–Q8)

Chapter 2: Three-Phase Induction Motor

2.1 Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF)

Slides: L-01 (foundations), L-02 | Books: Theraja Ch-34 (Art. 34.1–34.5)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
2.1.1	Magnetic field as medium of energy conversion (Faraday, Lorentz, Fleming)	🟢 LOW	L-01 S04–S11	Foundation concepts
2.1.2	AC motor types — synchronous vs asynchronous (induction)	🟢 LOW	L-02 S04
2.1.3	IM construction — stator, rotor (squirrel-cage vs wound/slip-ring)	🟢 LOW	L-02 S03, S06
2.1.4	IM advantages & disadvantages	🟢 LOW	L-02 S07
2.1.5	Flux revolving theory — how multi-phase currents produce rotating field	🔴 MUST	L-02 S08	Conceptual foundation
2.1.6	2-φ RMF — mathematical proof ( $Φ_{R} = Φ_{m}$ , constant magnitude)	🟠 HIGH	L-02 S09–S11	Part of RMF proof questions
2.1.7	3-φ RMF — mathematical proof ( $Φ_{R} = 1.5 Φ_{m}$ , rotates at $N_{s}$ )	🔴 MUST	L-02 S12–S14	Asked 5/7 papers 🔥
2.1.8	Synchronous speed equation: $N_{s} = 120 f / P$	🔴 MUST	L-03 S03	Foundation for everything

2.2 Slip & Basic Principles

Slides: L-03 S04–S09 | Books: Theraja Ch-34 (Art. 34.6–34.10)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
2.2.1	Why rotor rotates — relative velocity, induced EMF, Lenz's law	🟠 HIGH	L-03 S04–S05	Foundation for slip
2.2.2	Slip definition — $s = (N_{s} - N) / N_{s}$ , $N = N_{s} (1 - s)$	🔴 MUST	L-03 S06–S07	Asked 4/7 papers
2.2.3	Why IM can't run at $N_{s}$ — proof (no relative speed → no EMF → no torque)	🔴 MUST	L-03 S05	Asked in '20, '21, '23, '24
2.2.4	Rotor frequency: $f_{r} = s f$	🟠 HIGH	L-03 S08	Tested in slip numericals
2.2.5	Why IM = rotating transformer	🟡 MEDIUM	L-03 S10	Asked in '17, '19, '20 (3/7)

2.3 Equivalent Circuit of IM

Slides: L-03 S11–S20 | Books: Theraja Ch-34, Chapman Ch-7

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
2.3.1	Stator & rotor quantities — standstill vs running ( $E_{r} = s E_{2}$ , $X_{r} = s X_{2}$ )	🟠 HIGH	L-03 S11
2.3.2	No-load stator current $I_{0}$ — $I_{w}$ and $I_{μ}$ components	🟠 HIGH	L-03 S12	Same concept as transformer
2.3.3	Rotor current: $I_{2} = \frac{s E _{2}}{R _{2}^{2} + ( s X _{2} ) ^{2}}$	🟠 HIGH	L-03 S16
2.3.4	$R_{2} / s$ decomposition: $R_{2} + R_{2} (1 - s) / s$ — copper loss + mechanical load	🟠 HIGH	L-03 S18	Key insight for circuit
2.3.5	Referring rotor parameters to stator ( $R_{2}^{'}, X_{2}^{'}$ using $a_{e f f}$ )	🟠 HIGH	L-03 S19
2.3.6	Complete per-phase equivalent circuit — stator + shunt + referred rotor	🟠 HIGH	L-03 S20	Asked in '17, '20, '23 (3/7)

2.4 Torque Equations & Characteristics

Slides: L-04 | Books: Theraja Ch-34 (Art. 34.18–34.30)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
2.4.1	Torque proportionality: $T \propto Φ I_{2} cos φ_{2} \propto E_{2} I_{2} cos φ_{2}$	🟠 HIGH	L-04 S03
2.4.2	Starting torque derivation ( $s = 1$ ): $T_{s t} = \frac{K _{1} E _{2}^{2} R _{2}}{R _{2}^{2} + X _{2}^{2}}$	🟠 HIGH	L-04 S04–S05
2.4.3	Condition for max starting torque: $R_{2} = X_{2}$	🟠 HIGH	L-04 S06
2.4.4	Running torque equation: $T_{r} = \frac{K _{1} s E _{2}^{2} R _{2}}{R _{2}^{2} + ( s X _{2} ) ^{2}}$	🟠 HIGH	L-04 S08–S10
2.4.5	Maximum torque (breakdown) derivation: $s_{ma x} = R_{2} / X_{2}$	🟠 HIGH	L-04 S12–S13	Asked 4/7 papers
2.4.6	Breakdown torque formula: $T_{ma x} = \frac{K _{1} E _{2}^{2}}{2 X _{2}}$ — independent of $R_{2}$	🟠 HIGH	L-04 S14
2.4.7	$T_{ma x} / T_{f}$ ratio — numerical problem (nearly identical data repeated)	🟠 HIGH	L-04 S14	Asked in '17, '19, '24
2.4.8	Torque-slip characteristic — low slip (linear) vs high slip (hyperbolic)	🟠 HIGH	L-04 S15–S16	Asked 4/7 papers
2.4.9	Torque-speed curves — family of curves for varying $R_{2}$	🟠 HIGH	L-04 S17	Effect of $R_{2}$ on $T$ - $s$ curve
2.4.10	Effect of changing $R_{2}$ and $X_{2}$ on torque-speed curves	🟡 MEDIUM	L-04 S17	In syllabus, under-tested ⚠️

2.5 Power Flow & Rotor Power Division

Slides: L-06 S03–S10 | Books: Theraja Ch-34 (Art. 34.33–34.38)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
2.5.1	Power flow diagram — input → stator losses → air-gap → rotor Cu loss → mechanical	🟡 MEDIUM	L-06 S03–S04	Asked in '18, '20
2.5.2	Golden power ratio: $P_{g} : P_{c u, r o t or} : P_{d e v} = 1 : s : (1 - s)$	🟡 MEDIUM	L-06 S05	Key relationship
2.5.3	Developed torque: $T_{d} = P_{g} / ω_{s} = P_{d e v} / ω_{m}$	🟡 MEDIUM	L-06 S06
2.5.4	Shaft power: $P_{o u t} = P_{d e v} - P_{f & w} - P_{s t r a y}$	🟢 LOW	L-06 S07
2.5.5	Synchronous watt — definition and concept	🟡 MEDIUM	L-06 S10	Asked in '21, '23
2.5.6	Rotor efficiency $η_{r o t or} = (1 - s)$	🟡 MEDIUM	L-06 S05	Asked in '21, '23

2.6 IM Testing & Parameter Determination

Slides: L-05 | Books: Theraja Ch-35, Chapman Ch-7

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
2.6.1	No-load test — concept, equivalent circuit ( $R_{2} / s \to \infty$ ), find $X_{M}$ , $R_{c}$ , losses	🟠 HIGH	L-05 S04–S08	Circle diagram input
2.6.2	Loss separation — $P_{r o t} = P_{N L} - 3 I_{N L}^{2} R_{1}$	🟡 MEDIUM	L-05 S07–S08
2.6.3	Blocked-rotor test — $s = 1$ , find $R_{B R}$ , $X_{B R}$ , frequency correction	🟠 HIGH	L-05 S09–S11	Circle diagram input
2.6.4	DC stator resistance test — Y: $R_{1} = R_{D C} /2$ , Δ: $R_{1} = 1.5 R_{D C}$	🟡 MEDIUM	L-05 S12–S14
2.6.5	Complete parameter determination — worked numerical	🟠 HIGH	L-05 S15	40-hp motor example

2.7 Starting Methods

Slides: L-06 S11–S20 | Books: Theraja Ch-34 (Art. 34.39–34.44)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
2.7.1	Starting problem — why $I_{s t} = 5$ – $8 \times I_{F L}$ is dangerous	🟢 LOW	L-06 S11	Motivation
2.7.2	Direct-on-line (DOL) starting — limited to small motors (<5 kW)	🟢 LOW	L-06 S12	Asked once ('19)
2.7.3	Primary resistor / reactor starting	🟢 LOW	L-06 S14
2.7.4	Auto-transformer starting — $I_{s t} = x^{2} I_{sc}$ , $T_{s t} = x^{2} T_{sc}$	🟡 MEDIUM	L-06 S15–S17
2.7.5	Star-delta (Y-Δ) starter — $I_{s t} = \frac{1}{3} I_{sc, Δ}$ , $T_{s t} = \frac{1}{3} T_{sc, Δ}$	🟡 MEDIUM	L-06 S18	Asked in '18, '20, '23 (3/7)
2.7.6	Slip-ring motor — rotor rheostat starting ( $R_{2} + R_{e x t} \approx X_{2}$ )	🟢 LOW	L-06 S19–S20

2.8 Speed Control

Slides: L-07 S03–S05 | Books: Theraja Ch-35 (Art. 35.18)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
2.8.1	Speed control methods — stator side (voltage, V/f, pole changing, external impedance)	🟡 MEDIUM	L-07 S03	Asked in '17, '19, '23 (3/7)
2.8.2	Speed control — rotor side (external resistance, cascade, slip-frequency injection)	🟡 MEDIUM	L-07 S03
2.8.3	Rotor resistance speed control — numerical (external $R$ for speed reduction)	🟢 LOW	L-07 S05	Asked once ('21)

2.9 Electric Braking

Slides: L-07 S06–S09 | Books: Theraja Ch-35

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
2.9.1	Dynamic braking — motor runs as loaded generator	🟡 MEDIUM	L-07 S06	Part of braking definitions
2.9.2	DC injection braking — stator fed DC, stationary field	🟡 MEDIUM	L-07 S07
2.9.3	Capacitor braking — self-excited generator mode	🟢 LOW	L-07 S08
2.9.4	Plugging — reverse two stator leads, $s \approx 2$	🟡 MEDIUM	L-07 S09	Asked 4/7 papers ('17–'20)

2.10 Induction Generator

Slides: L-07 S10–S12 | Books: Theraja Ch-34 (Art. 34.47)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
2.10.1	IM as induction generator — driven above $N_{s}$ , $s < 0$ , delivers active power, absorbs VARs	🟡 MEDIUM	L-07 S10–S11	Rising trend 📈 ('18, '23, '24)
2.10.2	Grid-connected induction generator	🟢 LOW	L-07 S11
2.10.3	Self-excited induction generator (SEIG) — shunt capacitor excitation	🟡 MEDIUM	L-07 S12
2.10.4	Capacitance calculation for IG (numerical)	🟡 MEDIUM	—	Repeated numerical ('18, '24)

2.11 Circle Diagram

Slides: L-07 S22–S24 | Books: Theraja Ch-35 (Art. 35.3–35.9)

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
2.11.1	Circle diagram fundamentals — locus of IM current	🟠 HIGH	L-07 S22
2.11.2	Construction — from NL test ( $I_{0}, cos φ_{0}$ ) and BR test ( $I_{B R}, cos φ_{B R}$ )	🟠 HIGH	L-07 S23	Asked 4/7 papers ('17–'21)
2.11.3	Parameter extraction — max output, max torque, slip, η, pf	🟠 HIGH	L-07 S24
2.11.4	Circle diagram numerical — complete problem	🟠 HIGH	L-07 S24	Declining trend — absent '23, '24

Chapter 3: Single-Phase Induction Motor

3.1 Theory of Operation

Slides: L-07 S15–S17 | Books: Theraja Ch-36

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
3.1.1	Single-phase pulsating field — alternates along one axis, no rotation	🔴 MUST	L-07 S15	Prerequisite for DFRT
3.1.2	1-φ IM is NOT self-starting — $T_{s t} = 0$ , explain why	🟡 MEDIUM	L-07 S15	Asked in '17, '19
3.1.3	Double field revolving theory (DFRT) — $Φ_{m} cos ω t$ splits into two $\frac{Φ _{m}}{2}$ rotating in opposite directions	🔴 MUST	L-07 S16	Asked 5/7 papers 🔥
3.1.4	DFRT slip analysis — $s_{f} = s$ , $s_{b} = 2 - s$ ; at standstill $s_{f} = s_{b} = 1 ⟹ T_{f} = T_{b} ⟹ T_{n e t} = 0$	🔴 MUST	L-07 S16	Core of the derivation
3.1.5	Making 1-φ IM self-starting — auxiliary winding at 90° for temporary 2-φ operation	🔴 MUST	L-07 S17	Bridge to starting methods

3.2 Starting Methods for 1-φ IM

Slides: L-07 S18–S21 | Books: Theraja Ch-36

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
3.2.1	Split-phase motor — main (low R, high X) + auxiliary (high R, low X), ~30° phase split, centrifugal switch	🔴 MUST	L-07 S18	Asked 6/7 papers 🔥
3.2.2	Capacitor-start induction-run motor — capacitor in series with auxiliary, ~80° split, high $T_{s t}$ (3–4× $T_{f l}$ ), centrifugal switch	🔴 MUST	L-07 S19	Most commonly asked type
3.2.3	Phasor diagram comparison — split-phase vs capacitor-start	🟡 MEDIUM	L-07 S20	Visual comparison
3.2.4	Capacitor-start capacitor-run — two capacitors (large electrolytic for start + small oil/paper for run)	🟠 HIGH	L-07 S21
3.2.5	Permanent split capacitor (PSC) motor — single run capacitor, no centrifugal switch	🟠 HIGH	L-07 S21
3.2.6	Shaded-pole motor	🟢 LOW	—	In textbook, not in slides
3.2.7	Capacitor value for maximum starting torque (numerical)	🟡 MEDIUM	—	Asked in '18, '21

3.3 1-φ IM Equivalent Circuit

Slides: — | Books: Theraja Ch-36

#	Subtopic	Priority	Slides	Notes
3.3.1	1-φ IM equivalent circuit — forward and backward branch model	🟢 LOW	—	NEVER asked but in syllabus 🔴 Gap
3.3.2	1-φ IM phasor/vector diagram	🟢 LOW	—	Asked once ('24)

Quick-Reference: Topic Count Summary

Chapter	Topics	Subtopics	🔴 MUST	🟠 HIGH	🟡 MED	🟢 LOW
Ch-1: Transformer	11	47	7	14	16	10
Ch-2: 3-φ IM	11	47	6	17	16	8
Ch-3: 1-φ IM	3	9	5	2	2	2†
Total	25	103	18	33	34	20†

†Includes 1-φ IM equivalent circuit — never tested but in syllabus.

Recommended Learning Order (Start-to-Finish)

The syllabus lists Transformer first, but the teacher taught IM first (L-01→L-07, then L-08→L-11). Either order works — what matters is internal sequencing within each chapter. Below is the recommended order if you follow the exam section structure:

Pass 1 — Section A (Transformer)

1.1 Fundamentals & EMF equation
1.2 Construction (light read)
1.3 No-load operation & phasor diagrams
1.4 Equivalent circuit (needs 1.1 + 1.3)
1.5 Voltage regulation (needs 1.4)
1.6 OC & SC tests (needs 1.4) + 1.7 Efficiency (needs 1.6)
1.8 Three-phase connections + Open-Δ
1.9 Scott connection + 1.10 Vector groups
1.11 Auto-transformer

Pass 2 — Section B (Induction Motor)

2.1 Rotating magnetic field (needs nothing)
2.2 Slip & basic principles (needs 2.1)
2.3 IM equivalent circuit (needs 2.2)
2.4 Torque equations & characteristics (needs 2.2 + 2.3)
2.5 Power flow & rotor power division (needs 2.4)
2.6 IM testing (needs 2.3)
2.7 Starting methods (needs 2.4 for torque context)
2.8 Speed control + 2.9 Braking (needs 2.4)
2.10 Induction generator (needs 2.2)
2.11 Circle diagram (needs 2.6)
3.1 1-φ IM theory — DFRT (needs 2.1)
3.2 1-φ IM starting methods (needs 3.1)
3.3 1-φ IM equivalent circuit (if time permits)

Tagging Scheme for Question Sorting

Use the subtopic IDs (e.g., 1.6.1, 2.4.5) as tags when sorting previous year questions. Example mapping:

Question	Tag(s)
"Derive EMF equation of transformer"	`1.1.4`
"OC/SC test data → find parameters"	`1.6.1`, `1.6.2`, `1.6.4`
"Prove 57.7% capacity of Open-Δ"	`1.8.8`
"Explain DFRT for 1-φ IM"	`3.1.3`, `3.1.4`
"Draw torque-speed curve"	`2.4.8`
"Derive max torque formula"	`2.4.5`, `2.4.6`